Structural composition of centrifugal compressor

Centrifugal compressor is mainly used to realize gas compression, and its characteristics of high efficiency, stability and large flow are inseparable from precise structural design. A thorough understanding of the components and functions of centrifugal compressor is helpful to grasp its operation logic and provide scientific basis for selection, installation and maintenance. The following Turbo-Tech compressor will analyze the core structure composition of centrifugal compressor for you.
Structural composition of centrifugal compressor
1. Impeller:
The “heart” of centrifugal compressor sucks gas from the center through high-speed rotation (tens of thousands of revolutions per minute), accelerates gas by centrifugal force, and converts mechanical energy into kinetic energy. Blade design of impeller (open, semi-open and closed) directly affects airflow efficiency and stability.
2. Diffuser:
Following the impeller, the kinetic energy of high-speed airflow is converted into static pressure energy. By gradually expanding the cross section of the flow passage, the airflow speed is reduced and the pressure is increased.
3. Volute:
Spiral shell, which collects the high-pressure gas after the diffuser and guides it into the next stage impeller or out of the compressor. The volute should be designed to ensure uniform airflow, reduce eddy current loss and bear high pressure.
4. Spindle and bearing system:
Connecting the impeller and transmitting the driving force of the motor or steam turbine requires high strength and fatigue resistance.
Sliding bearing: traditional design, suitable for medium and low speed models, supporting the rotor through oil film.
5. Coupling:
When connecting the driving equipment (such as motor and steam turbine) with the compressor spindle, it is necessary to ensure high centering accuracy and avoid vibration transmission.
6. Shaft seal:
-Dry gas seal: the core of an oil-free centrifuge, which prevents process gas from leaking or lubricating oil from entering the compression chamber through a gas barrier to meet the requirements of high cleanliness (such as pharmaceutical and electronic industries).
-Labyrinth seal: it is often used in oil-injection centrifuges to reduce leakage, but it cannot be absolutely oil-free.
Inter-stage seal:
7. Lubrication and cooling system:
-Lubrication system: provide clean lubricating oil for bearings, take away friction heat and prolong the life of components.
-cooling system: intercooler reduces the temperature of compressed gas at all levels and reduces energy consumption; The oil cooler keeps the lubricating oil temperature in the optimal range.
8. Control system:
Sensors (pressure, temperature, vibration), PLC/DCS system, real-time monitoring of equipment status, adjustment of inlet guide vane opening and speed, to achieve anti-surge protection and intelligent scheduling.
9. Inlet guide vane and adjustable diffuser:
By adjusting the blade angle, the intake flow is controlled, the matching of working conditions is optimized, the surge is avoided, and the partial load efficiency is improved.
10. Air inlet chamber and exhaust chamber: optimize the air inlet and exhaust paths to reduce resistance.
11. Base and supporting structure: ensure the equipment is stable, reduce vibration and adapt to high-speed operation.
12. Monitoring instruments, such as vibration probes and temperature sensors, can feed back the health status of equipment in real time and support predictive maintenance.
The above is an introduction to “Structure Composition of Centrifugal Compressor: Secret of Precise Structure of Gas Compressor”. Understanding its structure is not only helpful for equipment selection, but also provides support for operation optimization and fault diagnosis. In practical application, the components should be selected and configured reasonably according to the specific working conditions, so as to give full play to the performance advantages of centrifugal compressor.