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Structure and principle of centrifugal compressor

Do you know the structure and principle of centrifugal compressors?Centrifugal compressor, also known as turbine compressor, is a mechanical equipment widely used in the field of gas compression and plays a crucial role in industrial production.A deep understanding of the structure and principles of centrifugal compressors is helpful for better design, operation, and maintenance of centrifugal compressors, improving their performance and operational reliability.
1、 Structure of centrifugal compressor
A centrifugal compressor is mainly composed of an inlet, impeller, diffuser, compressor housing, and exhaust port. In addition, it also includes key components such as rotor, stator, volute, intake guide vanes, exhaust system, etc.
Rotor: The rotor is the core component of a centrifugal compressor, consisting of an impeller and a main shaft. The impeller, also known as the working wheel, is a key component of a compressor, typically composed of multiple blades, responsible for accelerating gas during rotation. The main shaft supports and transmits torque, allowing the impeller to rotate at high speed.
Stator: The stator is a fixed component of the compressor, mainly composed of cylinders, diffusers, bends, reflux devices, etc. The main function of a diffuser is to decelerate the high-speed gas at the outlet of the impeller, converting the kinetic energy of the gas into pressure energy and increasing the pressure of the gas. The bend and reflux device guide the gas to flow towards the next stage impeller for further compression.
Spiral shell: The spiral shell is the outer shell of a centrifugal compressor, which mainly collects the gas discharged from the impeller and guides the gas into the diffuser.The design of the snail shell is crucial for the smooth flow of airflow and the improvement of compression efficiency.
Inlet and outlet: The inlet guides air into the compressor, while the outlet is responsible for discharging compressed gas. The intake guide vanes can adjust the gas flow into the impeller to control the flow and pressure of the compressor.
Shaft sealing system: In order to prevent gas leakage and external impurities from entering the interior of the compressor, a shaft sealing system is necessary. Common shaft sealing methods include mechanical seals, labyrinth seals, and dry gas seals.
Drive device: There are various driving methods for centrifugal compressors, such as electric motors, steam turbines, or gas turbines. The choice of driving method depends on the power requirements and operating conditions of the compressor.
2、 Working principle of centrifugal compressor
The working principle of a centrifugal compressor is based on the action of centrifugal force.
When the drive device (such as an electric motor or turbine) drives the shaft of the compressor to rotate at high speed, the impeller also rotates at high speed. Gas enters the center of the impeller from the inlet of the compressor. Due to the high-speed rotation of the impeller, the gas is subjected to centrifugal force in the impeller, accelerated, and thrown out along the tangential direction of the impeller.
The gas flows out of the impeller and enters the diffuser, where the velocity decreases and the pressure increases. After passing through the diffuser, the gas enters the volute, where it further converts kinetic energy into pressure energy and is ultimately discharged from the outlet of the compressor.
In summary, the structure and principle of centrifugal compressors have been introduced to you. Centrifugal compressors play an important role in industrial production with their unique structure and efficient working principle. Turbo-tech centrifugal compressors have various advantages, such as high compression efficiency, large flow rate, compact structure, and smooth operation. Welcome to call 400-8861856 for consultation.

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Structure and principle of centrifugal compressor